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Changing the NYPD Culture: It's Not So Easy
March 24, 2014
Transparency and collaboration. These have been Bill Bratton’s buzzwords as he shapes his leadership of the NYPD.
Yet changing the department’s culture after 12 years of Ray Kelly is not proving easy. Kelly was not only the most powerful — and largely successful — police commissioner in city history, but he rarely collaborated and allowed no transparency.
In his first turn in 1994, Bratton followed a weak mayor and a weaker police commissioner and, with Mayor Rudy Giuliani, came running out of the chute with pronouncements that portended radical change after the do-nothing culture fostered during the David Dinkins administration.
Twenty years later, Bratton is moving more cautiously.
Let’s start with collaboration. This means cooperating with other law enforcement agencies, mostly in fighting terrorism — a subject that still rattles New Yorkers nearly 13 years after 9/11.
Bratton has made friendly gestures toward the Port Authority Police Department which supervises Ground Zero. Kelly fought it bitterly to decide which agency would control and police the site.
There have been at least four meetings on security matters — i.e. terrorism — between the agencies’ top brass, including Bratton and Deputy Commissioner for Counter-Terrorism John Miller.
After a New Jersey teenager slipped through a hole in a construction fence at 4 a.m. last week and rode an elevator to near the top of the Freedom Tower, giving the Port Authority something resembling a black eye, both the NYPD and Port Authority Police were patrolling the area in tandem at 4 a.m. the following day.
“It’s all done in the spirit of cooperation and sharing information,” said a law enforcement source. “The attitude has entirely changed.”
Then there is the FBI, which Kelly also fought as commissioner. That’s trickier.
Perhaps the most notable bone in the bureau’s throat was Kelly’s decision to station NYPD detectives overseas in terrorism hot spots, where the FBI has jurisdiction.
Moreover, Miller spent three years as a bureau spokesman in Washington, sympathetic to the bureau’s concerns.
Yet Bratton is preparing to travel to Jordan and Israel, where the NYPD has stationed detectives.
The word is that he and Miller are evaluating each overseas posting. For at least the next year, the detectives are expected to remain in place. Bratton and Miller will eventually have to determine how effective the overseas detectives have been.
In 2013, at a forum at the 92nd Street Y, Kelly acknowledged they had produced not a single lead about a potential terrorism attack on New York City. But that’s only part of the story.
Are the detectives providing information to Police Plaza not found in the local overseas newspapers? Are they providing insights from their overseas contacts that may help prevent a future attack?
One top department official says London and Tel Aviv “are solid gold.”
But, he adds, “are other places just boondoggles? Were detectives sent there because those places are sources of potential information or to satisfy the egos of Kelly and his Deputy Commissioner of Intelligence David Cohen?”
Now let’s turn to transparency.
Let’s start with the Police Foundation, the nonprofit agency of wealthy New Yorkers that pays the $75,000 annual expenses of each NYPD overseas detective.
The foundation was formed as an anti-corruption measure in the wake of the Knapp Corruption scandal of the early 1970s. It exposed the NYPD’s systemic corruption that went as high as the police commissioner’s office.
The foundation’s purpose was to help the police commissioner by funding anti-corruption projects that bypass the city’s cumbersome approval process. In recent years, however, the foundation has become a fund for the police commissioner — with no transparency.
In his first term, Bratton used the foundation to fund his consultant friends. One was George Kelling, whom Bratton called his “intellectual mentor.” In 1994, the foundation paid Kelling $25,000 to write a report on the then-ubiquitous squeegee men. Kelling, in turn, was so enamored of Bratton that, in an article for the Manhattan Institute’s City Journal, he compared Bratton to the Greek philosopher Plato.
The foundation also paid $137,000 to John Linder, a New Mexico-based consultant who wrote Bratton’s vaunted seven-crime strategies. To meet a Bratton-set deadline, Linder slept on a couch in Bratton’s office.
Linder’s report was apparently so well-received that, after Giuliani fired Bratton in 1996, he hired Linder to write a $300,000 report to straighten out the city’s child welfare bureaucracy.
When Kelly returned as commissioner in 2002, the foundation began paying Kelly’s $1,500 annual membership at the Harvard Club as well as his dining and entertainment expenses. This occurred after the foundation turned down his request for an American Express card.
Kelly had to amend his financial disclosure forms, which did not include the Harvard Club arrangement, after NYPD Confidential reported this perk.
In 2006, the foundation began paying an annual $96,000 fee to Hamilton South, whose job began as a marketing consultant for the foundation but morphed into that of a high-powered public relations man for Kelly as he pondered running for mayor in 2009.
The payments for the Harvard Club and for South lasted until Kelly left office at the end of 2013.
Meanwhile, in 2010, Kelly forced out the foundation’s longtime executive director, Pam Delaney, ostensibly because she was earning more money than he was. She was replaced by her longtime assistant Gregg H. Roberts, who cut off all contact with her.
Meanwhile, Valerie Salembier, a senior vice president of the Hearst Corporation, became the foundation’s chairwoman. She cut all contact with the media unless it had Kelly’s approval.
She subsequently became an assistant commissioner in the police department’s public information office.
Returning as commissioner, Bratton is again relying on Kelling, one of the framers of Bratton’s “broken windows” theory of policing that marked his overhaul of the NYPD during his first term as commissioner.
Earlier this month, he and Kelling rode the subways together to learn about minor crime problems. Bratton said Kelling would lead a survey of parks and open spots like Times Square.
Last month, Linder was seen leaving City Hall with Miller and Steve Davis, the Deputy Commissioner for Public Information.
A third consultant, Robert Wasserman, has also been around.
In 2012, Bratton was hired as a consultant to the Oakland police department. In early 2013, the city had Wasserman conduct a crime-reduction study on “Collaborative Policing” in partnership with Bratton.
The report contained such bromides as: “Collaborative policing is based on Sir Robert Peel’s principle #5. ‘Police, at all times, should maintain a relationship with the public that gives reality to the historic tradition that the police are the public and the public are the police.’”
And: “Whereas ‘community policing’ focused on sending police officers into the community, ‘collaborative policing’ goes further by bringing the community into policing.”
For this, Wasserman was paid $350,000.
Last week this reporter asked Roberts and the Police Foundation’s new chairman, Dale Hemmerdinger, whether the nonprofit is paying Kelling, Linder or Wasserman as consultants.
Neither Hemmerdinger nor Roberts returned phone calls and an email.
